Abstract: The article analyzes the beginning of the establishment of the socialist system in Romania, focusing on the Soviet and Allied role in setting up the people’s democratic system in this Eastern European country. In addition, the paper examines the dependence of Romanian communism on relations within the victorious, anti-fascist coalition. Th e aims at analyzing the basic processes and actors in the first months of the establishment of socialism in Romania. Regardless of the fact that in Romanian historiography the topic is solidly researched, in domestic historiography it can be considered necessary for understanding the development of Yugoslav socialism. The work is mainly based on the documents of Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series.

Keywords: USSR, Romania, Yalta, Radescu, Groza

Summary 

The foundations of the Romanian post-war regime, which later developed into a socialist system, were laid in the short time between the coup on August 23 and the signing of the armistice agreement between Romania and the Western Allies on September 12, 1944. However, they stemmed from the agreements between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union to hand over Romania to Soviet military control during the war, which paved the way for gradual establishment of socialist-style administration in Romania.  Th e most import ant step towards the establishment of a communist-led socialist political structure in Romania was installing the government of Petru Groza in March 1945. Th e establishment of Groza’s administration not only heavily reinforced Soviet positions in Romania, but also stabilized the situation behind the front line in the last months of the Second World War.